However, there is always a risk that MSCs could transform into sarcoma, requiring a long-term follow-up on preclinical animal studies and clinical trials, up to 15 years based on the Food and Drug Administration guidelines (FDA). They can be cultured easily, and their stemness is characterized by the capacity of the MSC to self-renew and maintain the stemness properties, being passaged many times without karyotype alteration. They adhere quickly to the cell culture surface, and their morphology is fibroblastic. In the organism, the function of the MSC is to support the structure of the organs but also to generate cells of the specific organ when it is required. MSCs are pluripotent stem cells that were discovered around 30 years ago, and they can be isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue, Wharton’s jelly, periosteum, villous chorion, fetus, and dental pulp, and there are no ethical issues.

MSCs are very popular cells used in the research and over sixty-eight thousand publications involving the use of MSCs were published on PubMed, as of January 2021. This review is not focused on presenting the different types of stem cells used for cell and gene therapies, but it is focused on the MSCs and cell sheet engineering with MSCs. The European Medical Agency approved cell therapies in the past few years: Chondrocelect was the first approved cell therapy in 2009.

The iPSCs can be engineered by the transfection of four different factors into somatic cells, but as for the ESCs, the iPSCs have also raised ethical issues, and clinical trials are conducted all over the world, but mainly in the USA, China, Japan, and France. Ethical debates about the use of ESCs make their use more difficult for human application, even if clinical trials have been conducted recently with ESCs. Powered by WordPress & HTML5 Blank.Different types of stem cells are used for research and for translational medicine: embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Mirna’s latest project (soon to be released on CD) combines elements of Classical European and Middle Eastern styles, meditating on their similarities and differences, giving voice to the poignant beauty of the meeting point between two traditions. In the theater, Mirna played the lead in Henry Purcell’s Dido and Aeneas (2013), Nero in Monteverdi’s L’incoronazione di Poppea, (2014), Lisetta (Il nuovo don Chischiotte, Genoa 2015, Teatro di Villa Galliera) and most recently, Dorabella in Mozart’s Così fan tutte, (Germany, 2016) Highlights from her budding career as a classical singer include ensemble chamber music performances as well as solo roles in Mozart’s Requiem (alto voice) Stabat Maters by Pergolesi, Dvorak, and Vivaldi Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony and Mahler’s Kindertotenlieder. Īlong with her acting as a singer and Due to her passion for languages, she started earlier this year as a volunteer (cultural mediator) with Arab migrated families in Genoa, using musical elements in her work specially with kids. Most recently she has been invited to conferences and concerts in Turin, Alexandria( Italy) conservatory (2016), and has concluded the Arabic culture festival in Milan with a successful concert at the Major hall ( Aula Magna) of the university of Milan ( università del sacro cuore) 2017. she participated in a tour with Damon Albarn and the Syrian Orchestra (2016). She had the pleasure of performing during a live broadcast on Italian national television with the Orchestra Popolare Italiana in Rome at the Auditorium Parco Della Musica (2015), and singing at the Meeting Rimini (2016). Her performances of traditional Arabic music include concerts in Syria and abroad, notably at the Berlin Culture Festival (2009), Fas Festival Morocco (2009), The National Festival Dubai (20), Petra Rocks musical in Jordan (2011, and 2012), Syrian Culture Days in Vienna and Austria (2014), a Concerto with the Ensemble grande de la voix in Paris (2015),Tallin music week in Estonia (2016), Global week for Syria in the Netherlands (2016). Scalchi at the Niccoló Paganini Conservatory in Genoa, where she currently studies. Feeling inspired, the next year Mirna moved to pursue graduate studies in classical vocal performance under prof. In 2011 Mirna had the opportunity to travel to Italy for a vocal workshop with professor Gloria Scalchi. She received her bachelor opera singing at Damascus Conservatory. Mirna got introduced to Byzantine music in a church choir. Mirna Kassis (Damascus, Syria, 1987) is a Syrian mezzo soprano.

Miana kassis